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library:cervical_spine [2025/02/25 04:12] – scottlibrary:cervical_spine [2025/03/04 15:37] (current) – scott
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 ====Scan Coverage and Planning==== ====Scan Coverage and Planning====
-Cervical Spine Anatomy page in development.+ 
 ===Sagittal Plane=== ===Sagittal Plane===
-On the axial and dorsal scout imaging, plan the slices parallel to the center of the spinal cord. On the sagittal scout image, center the FOV on C5.+On the axial and dorsal scout imaging, plan the slices parallel to the center of the spinal cord. On the sagittal scout image, center the FOV on C4/5.
 For each patient, the FOV should be re-sized to include the Cerebellum to include the T3 vertebral body. On the dorsal scout image, add enough slices to cover the entire vertebral body out to the transverse processes. **Be sure to use an ODD number of slices. This will ensure that the center slice is in true midline.** For each patient, the FOV should be re-sized to include the Cerebellum to include the T3 vertebral body. On the dorsal scout image, add enough slices to cover the entire vertebral body out to the transverse processes. **Be sure to use an ODD number of slices. This will ensure that the center slice is in true midline.**
-{{cspinestir.png}}+ 
 + 
 +{{:library:cspinedorscoutplan.png?500|}} {{:cspinestir.png?500|}}
    
  
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 In the image below, axial slices prescribed parallel to the disc are in __orange__, and slices prescribed perpendicular to the cord are in __yellow__. Center the FOV in the middle of the intervertebral disc and check dorsal images to ensure that the slices are not tilted tot he left or right. If patient positioning is suboptimal, it may be necessary to rotate the slices to match any side-to-side curve of the neck. If axial slices are being prescribed caudally toward C5/C6/C7, check axial and dorsal images to ensure wrap won't occur. In the image below, axial slices prescribed parallel to the disc are in __orange__, and slices prescribed perpendicular to the cord are in __yellow__. Center the FOV in the middle of the intervertebral disc and check dorsal images to ensure that the slices are not tilted tot he left or right. If patient positioning is suboptimal, it may be necessary to rotate the slices to match any side-to-side curve of the neck. If axial slices are being prescribed caudally toward C5/C6/C7, check axial and dorsal images to ensure wrap won't occur.
  
-{{cspineaxplan.png?500}}+{{:cspineaxplan.png?500|}}
  
 ===Dorsal Plane=== ===Dorsal Plane===
 The dorsal plane angulation is tailored to the clinical scenario, and may not be consistent between exams. A sample slice planning is below in __orange__. Due to the natural curve of the spine, there isn't one angle that will get all the spinal cord in one slice, to be sure to adjust the angle to best emphasize pathology noted on prior axial or sagittal images. It is good practice to extend slice coverage ventrally beyond the vertebral bodies, as the __Brachial Plexus__ nerves exit ventrocaudally  from C4/5 to T1/2. Incidental findings are also frequently located on the dorsal plane (Right image, red arrow) The dorsal plane angulation is tailored to the clinical scenario, and may not be consistent between exams. A sample slice planning is below in __orange__. Due to the natural curve of the spine, there isn't one angle that will get all the spinal cord in one slice, to be sure to adjust the angle to best emphasize pathology noted on prior axial or sagittal images. It is good practice to extend slice coverage ventrally beyond the vertebral bodies, as the __Brachial Plexus__ nerves exit ventrocaudally  from C4/5 to T1/2. Incidental findings are also frequently located on the dorsal plane (Right image, red arrow)
  
-{{cspineDorPlan.png?500}} {{DorIncidental.png?500}}+{{:cspinedorplan.png?500|}}{{:dorincidental.png?500|}}
  
 ====Typical Scan Protocol==== ====Typical Scan Protocol====
 +The protocol below represents a full cervical spine exam. There is variation depending on the clinical question and clinician preference. The **minimum** recommended sequences are in bold text.
  
-Sagittal T2\\ + 
-Sagittal STIR\\ +**Sagittal T2** \\ 
-Sagittal T1\\ +**Sagittal STIR**\\
-Axial T2\\ +
-Axial T1\\ +
-**Contrast**\\+
 Sagittal T1\\ Sagittal T1\\
 +**Axial T2**\\
 Axial T1\\ Axial T1\\
 +__Contrast__\\
 +Sagittal T1 C+\\
 +Axial T1 C+\\
 +
 +====Tips and Tricks====
 +
 +===Selecting Phase Direction===
 +In the cervical spine, either A/P or S/I may be selected, but require slightly different acquisition strategies.
 +If choosing the phase direction S/I, motion artifact from respiration and flow the vessels in the cranial thorax will propagate S/I. Unlike awake human patients, there should be no motion artifact from swallowing. In the S/I direction there will be anatomy that extends beyond the FOV, and will require significant oversampling to prevent wrap artifact. This can add quite a bit of time, but will afford some extra SNR, so it may be possible to reduce time by reducing NEX/Averages. Note the flow artifact from the vessels (red arrow). If selecting the phase direction as A/P, it is possible to not only remove all the oversampling, but even to reduce the phase FOV to further reduce time. It is necessary with this method to prescribe a sat band over the cranial thorax to prevent flow artifact from propagating through the caudal cervical spine. It is important to note, this is not an appropriate method when brachial plexus pathology is suspected, as the sat band will obscure the nerve bundles. 
 +
 +Phase S/I
 +
 +{{stirphasesi.png?500}} 
 +
 +Phase A/P
 +
 +{{stirphaseAP.png?500}}
  
-===Recipes for Cervical Spine Sequences=== 
-==Sagittal T2== 
-^In Plane Resolution    | .6mm x .6mm | 
-^TR                               | 3000+            | 
-^TE                               | 85-120           | 
-^ETL                             |16-24              |