Differences

This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

--- library:echo_train_length [2025/03/31 15:02] – scott
+++ library:echo_train_length [2025/04/30 01:30] (current) – [Indirect Parameter Effects] scott
@@ Line 19: / Line 19: @@
 ====Selecting an appropriate ETL====
-When selecting the ETL, it is important to consider the contributions of all the echoes within the ETL to image quality, as there are some special behaviors that occur with trains of RF pulses and echoes. Very long ETL's will result in echoes that may extend out far beyond the desired effective TE. The further out the echo, the more T2 decay will occur and the 'quality' of the echo will degrade and contribute to image blurring. Additionally, a long ETL means that many more refocusing pulses will be required; this will increase SAR and also lead to some degree of tissue saturation and magnetization transfer effects. Long ETL's also take up significantly more space within the TR, so there will be a tipping point where increasing ETL will no long decrease imaging time, as the TR will have to be increased to make room for all the additional echoes. Below is an example of a T2 fast spin echo with different ETLs: 13, 24, 32, 64. Notice how edge details rapidly become blurred as the ETL is increased, and the blurring is preferentially in the phase encoding direction. Keep an eye on the maximum TE when selecting the ETL, it will increase rapidly as ETL is increased.
+When selecting the ETL, it is important to consider the contributions of all the echoes within the ETL to image quality, as there are some special behaviors that occur with trains of RF pulses and echoes. Very long ETL's will result in echoes that may extend out far beyond the desired effective TE. The further out the echo, the more T2 decay will occur and the 'quality' of the echo will degrade and contribute to image blurring. Additionally, a long ETL means that many more refocusing pulses will be required; this will increase SAR and also lead to some degree of tissue saturation and magnetization transfer effects. Long ETL's also take up significantly more space within the TR, so there will be a tipping point where increasing ETL will no long decrease imaging time, as the TR will have to be increased to make room for all the additional echoes. Below is an example of a T2 fast spin echo with different ETLs: 13, 24, 32, 64. Notice how edge details rapidly become blurred as the ETL is increased, and the blurring is preferentially in the phase encoding direction. Keep an eye on the maximum TE when selecting the ETL, it will increase rapidly as ETL is increased. In general, select the shortest ETL possible to achieve a reasonably short scan time and appropriately selectable TE's.
 {{:library:etl_13-64_6_.gif|}}
@@ Line 27: / Line 27: @@
   * T1 Contrast: ETL 2-4, Maximum TE ~30ms
   * PD Contrast: ETL 7-11, Maximum TE ~100ms
-  * T2 Contrast: ETL 16-24, Maximum TE ~250ms
+  * T2 Contrast: ETL 16-24, Maximum TE ~200ms
 ====Selecting the Effective TE====
@@ Line 48: / Line 48: @@
 ====Indirect Parameter Effects====
-In MRI, no parameter exists in isolation. There are of course other parameters that will affect the aspects of echo train length and the effective TE.
+In MRI, no parameter exists in isolation. There are of course other parameters that will affect aspects of echo train length and the effective TE.
 ===Bandwidth===