Knowledge Portal - library

bandwidth

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-06-21T18:49:31+00:00

Receiver Bandwidth What is Receiver Bandwidth? Receiver bandwidth, often shortened to just 'bandwidth' and not to be confused with transmit bandwidth, is a selectable parameter that controls the range of frequencies to be sampled for an MR image. Bandwidth is inseparable from two other parameters: Field of View (FOV) and Frequency Matrix. Indirectly, the bandwidth has implications in a number of things: chemical shift artifact, image contrast, geometric distortion, echo spacing,

brain_mri_protocol

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-06-25T14:43:32+00:00

Brain MRI Protocol The protocol below represents a full brain exam. There is variation depending on the clinical question and clinician preference. Note that some sequences such as the DWI have specific use cases and should be considered required if their indication is present, ie if an ischemic stroke is the clinical question, don't skip the DWI! It is highly suggested to acquire at last one post contrast series with fat saturation. For scanning technique, see the

brain_pathology_profiles

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-05-05T19:52:14+00:00

Brain Pathology Brain Pathology On this page there will be a collection of different pathologies that may be encountered while scanning.

cervical_spine_protocol

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-06-25T14:49:08+00:00

Cervical Spine MRI Protocol The protocol below represents a full cervical spine exam. There is variation depending on the clinical question and clinician preference. It is highly suggested to acquire at last one post contrast series with fat saturation if contrast is administered. It is also highly suggested to acquire one series in the dorsal plane, typically a T2 or STIR. For scanning technique, see the

cervical_spine

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-06-18T02:53:30+00:00

Cervical Spine MRI Scan Coverage and Planning Sagittal Plane On the axial and dorsal scout imaging, plan the slices parallel to the center of the spinal cord. On the sagittal scout image, center the FOV on C4/5. For each patient, the FOV should be re-sized to include the Cerebellum to include the T3 vertebral body. On the dorsal scout image, add enough slices to cover the entire vertebral body out to the transverse processes.

disc_disease_profiles

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-06-16T16:08:12+00:00

Disc Disease Disc Pathology Below are examples of different types of disc extrusions, herniations, and general disc disease imaging findings. The goal of this page is to demonstrate how different the imaging appearance can be in disc disease to help better identify pathology when it is encountered while scanning.

echo_train_length

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-04-27T16:57:16+00:00

Echo Train Length What is Echo Train Length Echo train length (ETL), also known as turbo factor, determines the number of additional refocused echoes to be acquired in a spin echo based sequence and is used to decrease scan time. Depending on the sequence, this number can be selected by the user (as in FSE) or is controlled indirectly (as in HASTE) through other parameters such as phase encoding steps. When selecting an echo train length, it is important to remember that the refocused echo is …

echo_train-length

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-03-18T15:37:57+00:00

Echo Train Length What is it and what does it do?

mri_brain

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-06-18T02:52:41+00:00

Brain MRI Scan Coverage and Planning Sagittal Plane On the 3 dorsal and axial scout images, plane the slices parallel to the midline of the brain, along the sagittal sinus. On the sagittal scout image, center the FOV on the pituitary gland (noted by the X). resize the FOV to include the orbit to C1/2. Add enough slices to include both orbits.

mri_parameter_relationships

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-01-21T21:38:14+00:00

MRI Parameter Relationships Parameter IncreasedTIMESNRCNRRESOLUTIONARTIFACTS AND NOTESTR++-N/AIncreased TR reduces T1 weightingTEN/A-+N/AIncreased TE increases T2 weightingETL--+N/A High ETL can cause image blur; increases T2 weighting; MT effects; reduces susceptibility

mri_sequences_and_weightings

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-01-22T00:30:57+00:00

MRI Sequences and Weightings Sequence →FSEGREEPIIR- FSESSFSEContrast weighting ↓T1✔✔✔T2✔✔✔✔T2*✔Diffusion✔✔Flow✔PD✔✔✔T2/T1✔ Provided by Scott Johnson, MS RT (R)(MR) - edited by meuon, a weird spinning particle in the machine.

mri_standard_parameters

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-06-25T14:20:24+00:00

MRI Standard Parameters ParameterT1 SE/FSET2 FSESTIR IR-FSET2 FLAIR IR-FSEGREDWITR400-7003000+ (1500+ if Restore Pulse)3000+9000+VAR8000+TEMIN; <3085-12040-7090-120In phaseMIN; ~70-100ETL3-5 If FSE16-2412-1616-28N/AN/ABANDWIDTH15khz/31khz20khz20khz20khz

mri_tlspine

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-03-10T15:56:35+00:00

MRI Thoracolumbar Spine

resolution_and_geometric_parameters

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-01-21T22:49:12+00:00

MRI Resolution and Geometric Parameters Provided by: Scott Johnson MS RT (R)(MR) The original file: and embedded

shoulder_mri_guide

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-04-30T01:21:53+00:00

Veterinary Shoulder MRI Guide By: Scott Johnson MS RT (R)(MR) The original file: Suggested Protocol courtesy of Dr. Layla Shaikh: * Sagittal PD FatSat * Dorsal T1 * Dorsal T2 * Axial PD * Axial T2 * Optional Contrast * Axial T1 *

slice_thickness

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-07-08T18:17:33+00:00

Slice Thickness What is Slice Thickness? Slice thickness is a user controllable parameter in MRI that must be chosen for every acquisition. A 'slice' in MRI is a planar region of excited tissue, from which signal is recorded and images can be reconstructed. Images are viewed at the scanner, and appear to be perfectly thin 2D pixels cut through anatomy on the monitor, but really represent the summed signals of 'chunks' of tissue called voxels that we can view from different angles. It's a bit u…

specific_absorption_rate

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-06-21T18:51:14+00:00

Specific Absorption Rate What is Specific Absorption Rate? Specific Absorption Rate, often shortened to SAR, is an estimate of the the RF energy (watts/kilogram) deposited into the patient while scanning that may result in body temperature rise. SAR is not an exact 'amount' of RF, nor a specific level of heating, but an estimate based on patient weight, orientation, pulse sequence, acquisition parameters, and scan time. Each MR vendor utilizes different modeling for estimating SAR, so there ma…

spine_deep_dive

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-06-18T02:55:49+00:00

Spine MRI Applications What is this page? This page is dedicated to more technical information regarding spine imaging, to include anatomy, MRI technique, pathology, and more of the 'why' of spine MRI. This page will follow the format of a question and answer dialogue for each topic.

thoracolumbar_spine_protocol

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-06-25T14:50:37+00:00

Thoracolumbar Spine Protocol The protocol below represents a full Thoracolumbar spine exam. There is significant variation depending on the clinical question and clinician preference. It is highly suggested to acquire at last one post contrast series with fat saturation if contrast is administered. It is also highly suggested to acquire one series in the dorsal plane, typically a T2 or STIR. For scanning technique, see the

thoracolumbar_spine

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-06-18T02:54:12+00:00

Thoracolumbar Spine MRI Scan Coverage and Planning The thoracolumbar spine (TL Spine) is the more complex area of the CNS to scan clinically, as the coverage is much broader since both the full thoracic spine and lumbar spine are included. There are various protocol for scanning the TL spine that can vary quite a bit from clinician to clinician, so it is best to establish clinician preference ahead of time. The most important image to acquire accurately is the sagittal, since this is where pat…

time_to_echo

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-06-18T21:47:17+00:00

Time to Echo (TE) What is TE? TE, meaning Time to Echo, is a user selectable parameter which determines when the MR signal should be sampled. Across different pulse sequences, TE selections can vary greatly, but generally determine how much dephasing is allowed to occur with the transverse magnetization vectors.

time_to_repeat

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-06-21T18:45:31+00:00

Time to Repeat (TR) What is TR? Time to Repeat (TR) is the time between successive excitation pulses in the same slice. It is a user selectable parameter that primarily controls the amount of longitudinal relaxation allowed to occur within a pulse sequence. Appropriate TR's depend on the particular pulse sequence and contrast, so each will be addressed separately below.